Practice quiz: Evidence and doubt

4 questions. Pick an answer to see if it is right. You can try as many times as you like. These are for practice: the final test has different questions.

1. 1.Ice-cream sales and drownings rise together. What is the best explanation?

   Ice cream causes drowningDrowning causes ice-cream salesA confounder: hot weather increases bothIt proves nothing can be learned from data
2. 2.Studying only successful startups to learn "what makes startups succeed" risks which bias?

   Survivorship biasPublication biasRandom errorReverse causation
3. 3.Why does collecting more data not fix bias?

   Because data is expensiveBecause bias is a systematic error that pushes results the same way every timeBecause bias only happens in small studiesIt does fix bias
4. 4.In the 2015 Open Science Collaboration project, roughly how many of the 100 repeated psychology studies gave a significant result again?

   About 97%About 75%About 36%About 5%